- Title
- Photometric sensing of active chlorine, total chlorine, and pH on a microfluidic chip for online swimming pool monitoring
- Creator
- Elmas, Sait; Pospisilova, Aneta; Sekulska, Aneta Anna; Vasilev, Vasil; Nann, Thomas; Thornton, Stephen; Priest, Craig
- Relation
- Sensors Vol. 20, Issue 11, no. 3099
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113099
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2020
- Description
- A microfluidic sensor was studied for the photometric detection of active chlorine, total chlorine, and pH in swimming pool samples. The sensor consisted of a four-layer borosilicate glass chip, containing a microchannel network and a 2.2 mm path length, 1.7 µL optical cell. The chip was optimised to measure the bleaching of methyl orange and spectral changes in phenol red for quantitative chlorine (active and total) and pH measurements that were suited to swimming pool monitoring. Reagent consumption (60 µL per measurement) was minimised to allow for maintenance-free operation over a nominal summer season (3 months) with minimal waste. The chip was tested using samples from 12 domestic, public, and commercial swimming pools (indoor and outdoor), with results that compare favourably with commercial products (test strips and the N,N'-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method), precision pH electrodes, and iodometric titration.
- Subject
- chlorine; pH; microfluidic; photometric; online; swimming pool
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1415191
- Identifier
- uon:36868
- Identifier
- ISSN:1424-8220
- Rights
- This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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